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Johanne Bouchard

"The Leadership Whisperer" : Fostering healthy individuals and healthy organizations.

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Planification de la relève : Un impératif stratégique

Planification de la relève : Un impératif stratégique

J’ai écrit à propos de l’importance d’une approche stratégique en matière de afin d’assurer un rendement optimal du conseil d’administration et de veiller à ce que des leaders compétents soient assignés à chaque niveau stratégique de l’organisation du (PLT — conseil d’administration, chef de la direction et comité de direction), afin de maximiser la réussite. Pour déterminer à qui vous devez assigner les rôles de leadership du PLT, vous devez connaître le niveau nécessaire de compétences, de connaissances et d’expérience, le niveau de rendement attendu et la façon dont les gens se complètent et se nourrissent mutuellement afin d’obtenir un résultat individuel et collectif optimal. Vous devez également connaître, d’une part, quels indicateurs de rendement trimestriels ou annuels sont à surveiller en vue de mieux anticiper les changements nécessaires qui s’imposeront et, d’autre part, comment un changement dans le rôle d’un des membres du conseil peut affecter la réussite organisationnelle de l’entreprise, surtout quand un poste devient soudainement et brusquement vacant.

Pour une entreprise, la planification de la relève implique la mise en place de dispositions relatives à la retraite du personnel de cadre supérieur, la mise à jour de chaque rôle de leadership, le départ hâtif des dirigeants qui n’ont pu répondre aux attentes de rendement ou qui affichent un comportement inacceptable entraînant des conséquences scandaleuses, le départ prévu pour ceux d’entre eux qui désirent passer à autre chose, le recrutement de nouveaux cadres et la capacité d’intervenir dans les situations d’urgence médicale ou de crises pouvant influencer le leadership d’un chef de la direction.

Prenez du recul, réfléchissez et observez le Trio PLT. Demandez-vous quels sont les risques inhérents et le niveau d’exposition aux risques d’une organisation quand un poste devient inoccupé à un moment quelconque. Quelle importance cela aurait-il si un de ces postes devenait inoccupé pour une journée ou plus sans préavis? Que faire si plusieurs postes devenaient inoccupés en même temps? Quelles seraient les conséquences de ne pas être en mesure de régler ce vide de manière rapide et stratégique? Quelqu’un a-t-il été nommé pour intervenir et assurer le nouveau leadership, le cas échéant?

Je tiens à souligner l’importance d’une approche stratégique à la planification de la relève pour l’ensemble du Trio PLT (et pour tous les types d’entreprises, qu’elles soient de petite ou de grande taille). Une planification stratégique qui soit totalement synchronisée avec l’approche stratégique du concept du PLT, afin d’assurer qu’à tout moment la composition du PLT soit aussi forte qu’elle doit l’être pour atteindre un résultat financier optimal pour tous les intervenants (clients, employés, partenaires, collectivités et actionnaires). La planification stratégique de la relève devrait assurer une transition en douceur quand le besoin de changer est nécessaire ou quand un poste de leadership devient vacant sans avertissement.

Pensez aux équipes sportives professionnelles. Il arrive que des joueurs soient blessés et soient mis hors jeu pendant une ou deux parties. Si cela se produit en début de saison ou à la dernière rencontre de l’après-saison, cela augmente inévitablement leur vulnérabilité. Cependant, ils ont prévu un minimum de joueurs au banc de remplacement et ces athlètes ont été entraînés précisément pour agir à différents points stratégiques de la partie, au moyen de tactiques de ripostes au jeu de l’adversaire. Le résultat escompté de l’équipe sera grandement affecté si un joueur est dans l’incapacité de jouer, mais il y a toujours un plan de rechange pour surmonter les pires scénarios en recourant aux joueurs de remplacement qui ont été minutieusement sélectionnés, entraînés, évalués régulièrement et intégrés dans l’équipe afin de minimiser l’impact négatif sur les résultats recherchés. Le banc est rempli de joueurs afin de s’assurer d’avoir les meilleures chances de gagner!

JB PLT french

Former les membres de l’équipe pour le PLT est une tâche qui nécessite la coopération et l’engagement de tous les membres : le conseil, l’équipe de direction et le directeur.

La planification stratégique de la relève à chaque niveau stratégique du PLT est critique, bien que plusieurs organisations ne s’en préoccupent guère au-delà du poste de directeur. C’est comme si une équipe sportive professionnelle avait un joueur de remplacement pour le quart-arrière, mais n’avait prévu aucun autre joueur à la deuxième ligne. Avoir un plan de relève advenant qu’un des postes clés devienne vacant à quelque niveau soit-il du PLT (et évaluer régulièrement le rendement des personnes assignées à ces fonctions) est aussi important que de pourvoir ces postes, avec les bonnes personnes, dès le début. (Afin de faciliter la composition d’un conseil d’administration et une planification stratégique optimale de la relève, une évaluation du rendement du leadership de chaque dirigeant du PLT devient inévitable et obligatoire, puisqu’ils sont tous étroitement liés.)

La meilleure approche à la planification de la relève considère stratégiquement comment un changement au sein d’une fonction peut affecter toutes les dynamiques organisationnelles du PLT. Le conseil d’administration (avec les chefs de direction) doivent se soucier de la planification de la relève des dirigeants à tous les niveaux du PLT afin d’assurer le bon fonctionnement de l’entreprise dans toutes ses activités courantes. Dans cette approche, le niveau de responsabilité de certains dirigeants clés au sein des conseils d’administration et des ressources humaines est encore plus déterminant. Le coût des infrastructures applicable aux changements prévisibles et imprévisibles à chaque niveau de leadership du PLT est bien connu et le cadre du plan de communication est clairement établi, quelles que soient les circonstances.

Le processus de recrutement, du personnel subalterne jusqu’aux directeurs, doit également être stratégiquement réfléchi, en tenant compte de la capacité des gens à croître et à intervenir si les circonstances (semblables à celles décrites ci-dessus) risquaient de déstabiliser le leadership de l’équipe dirigeante ou d’un secteur fonctionnel. Lorsque la planification de la relève devient l’impératif stratégique d’une organisation, le recrutement des membres de conseils, des dirigeants et des responsables de la haute direction devient une démarche préventive plutôt que réactive. Si l’organisation devait être confrontée à l’incontrôlable, une planification de la relève adéquate devrait minimiser la confusion pour les entreprises et les employés, en leur permettant de fonctionner dans une plus grande harmonie.

Johanne Bouchard

Johanne Bouchard, a serial entrepreneur and former high-tech marketing executive, is a governance and leadership advisor to boards, CEOs, executives and entrepreneurs, as well as an expert in board composition and dynamics. An accomplished author and blogger, Johanne has published a number of eBooks, and her articles have been published in Ethical Boardroom and NACD's Directorship. She is an advocate for STEM, increased diversity in the boardroom and patients' rights.

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